A cobpobation



April 16, 1929. A. J. JACKMAN 1,709,350

FURNACE STRUCTURE Filed Allg. 18, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l f .5 s 5 4 l n fig-4'.

` i INVENTOR April 16, 1929. A. J. JACKMAN FURNACE STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 18, 1926 2 Sheets-,Sheet 2 INVENTOR Patented Apr. 16, i929.

.UNITED `S'lili'fllS PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR J. JAGKIVIAN, OF FOREST HILLS BOROUGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE VESUVIUS CBUCIBLE COMPANY, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

FUR-NACE STRUCTURE.

Application filed August 18, 1926. Serial No. 129,953.

This invention relates to furnace struc tures and more especially to a composite furnace lining having a facing layer of non- `spalling veneer brick supported on a backing layer of ordinary furnace brick. lVhilethe composite lining may be used. for various purposes in furnaces, it is particularly adapted for so-called suspended arch furnace roofs, Which are either flat or have but a slight curvature and in Which the brick work forming the roof `or lining is hung from supporting beams. The roof brick are ordinarily made with recesses in the upper faces for the reception of iron hangers which support the `brick from supporting beams. The ordinary refractory brick such as are commonly used for furnace linings and for the flat arches spall oli' or crack under conditions of use particularly under the temperature variations to Which the furnace 1inings are subjected in use. l n

A flat suspended furnace roof 1s structurally different from an arched roof. In an arched roof the brick are under compression so that if they crack they are ordinarily held in place, Whereas in a `flat roof or lflat arch if a brick cracks there is nothing to prevent the cracked off portion from falling down into the furnace. This not Onlycauses .the roof to be injured, but the pieces of `brick falling into the furnace chai'nber are liable to damage the Wares being heated therein. ,y

`While ordinary furnace brick will spall or crack under the temperature variations and has therefore caused considerable trouble in 'flat arched roofs, certain ceramic .materials may be made into non-spallingI brick. An example of such material is that described in my Patent Number 1,577,124 of March 16,1926. Another non-simlling r'efractory material fis suitably bonded silicon carbide blocks. These materials, however', are relatively expensive,` and usually have a much higher heat conductivity than the ordinary clay brick used for furnace roofs and Walls.

In my furnace structure, there isa backing layer of ordinary relatively poor heatconductiing brick and a facing layer of nonspalling veneer brick. The veneer brick have supporting extensions which extend through the layer of backing brick and serve to support the veneer brick from points at or `near the outside of the backing brick layer. The joints between the veneer brick are preferably staggered With respect to the Joints between the backing brick, thus preventing a direct passage for the heated gases through the wall and protecting the sides of the backing brick from iniiltration of the hot gases. I i

In the drawingswhich illustrate the preferred embodiment of my invention, Fig.

1 is a vertical section through a furnace having a fiat arch or supported roof and side Walls embodying the invention.

F ig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the roof.

Figs. 8 and 4` are vertical sections taken along the lines III-III and IV-IV of Fig. 2. y

Fig. 5 is a detailed perspective View showing the assembly of the backing and veneer brick.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view detached veneer brick.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a modified form of backing and veneer brick.

Referring to the illustrated embodiment of the invention, reference numeral 1 indi- `Cates generally a furnace having side Walls 2 and a roof The roof is of the flat arch showing a type, in which the roof brick Work is hung from supporting rbeams .e by means of hangers 5.` The roof is formed of a composite lining made up of backing brick G and veneer brick 7. The backing brick G are preferably of the usual refractory clay brick employed for' furnace structures. These brick are poor heat conductors and are relatively inexpensive.

The veneer brick 7 are made of a nonspalling material. The root supported by means of the hangers 5 which engage in slots 8 in the backing brick (i, this being the usual Way of supporting a vflat arched furnace roof. The veneer brick 7 have integral supporting extensions `or hanger lugs 9 which extend through square openings between the corners `ofthe backing brick 6. hese square openings are formed by the beveled edges 10 of the backing brick. The supporting lugs 9 of the veneer brick have holes 11 in them for the reception of pins 12 which support the veneer' brick by contact with the'upper faces of the backing brick. f

The su))ortindlmmrers 9 have a cross u n o c i. sectlonrelatively small, compared with the conductivity.` The cross sectV need not be put through the the hacker brick.

horizontal cross sectional areas of the baci*- ing brick so that there is a relatively small heat loss, 'in case the material of the nonspallingveneerbrick is of greater heat conductivity than that of the clay backing brick. As shovvn in the drawings, the supporting extensions 9 have a cross sectional area approximately 12% to 19% of tre nrea of the furnace lining, thus effectively l Aniting the area of the material of l good therniai ainal the supporting extensions should be always relatively small compared with the area of the iining; not over a third, and preferably not over a fifth of the area of the lin- '.he heat loss is therefore einictively limited, preventing execs ve Waste of heat from the furnace chamber and dani to the superstructure which would re: if the entire area of the lining were made of the higher heat-conducting material. y

The joints between the veneer brick 7 are staggered With relation to the joints between the backing brick 6 so that the heated gases do not have a direct passage between the veneer brick tothe joints betiveen the bai-king brick. This keeps the infiltration of gases through the lining to a minimum and protects the backing brick against cracking. Moreover, if the corners or lower faces of the backing .brick should crack, they would be supported by the veneer brick.

The side Walls 2 of the furnace are preferably of a similar structure coinprisingthe backing brick 6 and veneer brick Z formed in the same Way, except that supporting pins tying in lugs or extensions on the veneer brick.

in Fig. `i' is shown a modification in which the backing brick 6 have the usual hanger receiving slots 8a. rlhe corners of the backingbrick are not beveled off but the veneer brick 7 are supported by integral extensions 9" which extend betiveen courses of the hacker brick `being provided with L -shaped extensions 13 which fit over shoulders ite-l on The veneer and becker brick are preferably arranged so as to have their joints staggered.

`While l have specifically illustrated and described the preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the in* l'vention is not limited to its illustrated ein bodiinent but may be otherwise embodied Within the scope of thefolloiving claims.

i claiml. ik furnace having a suspended arch roof comprising a layer of backing brick having haugeiwreceiving slots in their upper surfaces, hangers engaging said slots Afor supaortine the backing brick and a facinsT la rer .n t: 7 o

of nonspalling veneer brick havin `I supporting extensions extending into the layer of 'backing brick and provided withV sup ortinoP meansv en aoine the backino' brick P e e s e at points above the points of support of the backing brick by their hangers, whereby trie material of the backing brick between the points of support of the veneer brick from the backing brick and the backing brick from their hangers is under compression.

2. A furnace having a suspended arch roof comprising a layer of backing brick having hangerreceiving slots in their upper surfaces and Yhaving openings through the backing brick structure, hangers engaging the slots for support-ing the backing brick, and a facinglayer of non-spalling Vvencer brick having supporting extensions extend ing through said openings to the upper side of the backing brick and provided with means for supporting the vencer brick therefrom, the joints between the veneer brick and the backing brick being staggered.

3. A Vcomposite furnace lining `comprising a layer of backing brick of relatively low thermal conductivity having openings thro-ugh said layer, a facing layer of nonspalling veneer brick of relatively high thermal conductivity, the veneer bricks hav ing supporting extensions received in the openings in the layer of backing brick and extending to points adjacent the outside thereof and serving to support the veneer brick.

4l. A composite furnace lining comprising a layer of backing brick having openings through said layer, a facing layer of veneer brick of a refractory material more resistant to spalling than that of the backing brick, the veneer bricks having integral supporting extensions rereived in the openingsV in the layer of backing brick and extending to points adjacent the outside thereof, and means engaging the supporting extensions adjacent the outside of the backing brick layer for supporting the veneer brick.

'5. A composite furnace iining comprising a layer of backing brick having openings through said layer and a veneer brick of a refractory material more resistant to spalling than that of the backing brick, the veneer bricks` having supporting extensions received in theV openings in the layer of backing brirk and extending to points adjacent the outside thereof and serving to tie the Aveneer brick to the backing the backing brick, the vencer bricks having supporting extensions extending through the openings in the layer of backing brick and serving to support the veneer bricks from points adjacent the outside of the layer of backing brick.

lll)

facing layer of 7. A composite furnace lining comprising a layer of backing brick arranged with openings through said layer and a facing layer of veneer brick of arefractory material more resistant to spalling than that of the thermal conductivity arrangedwith open ings through said layer, and a facing layer of non-spalling veneer brick of relatively high thermal conductivity having supporting extensions received in the openings Vin the layer of backing brick and extending to points adjacent the outside thereof and serving to support the veneer brick, the cross sectional area of the supporting extensions being not over one-third the area of the lining.

9. A composite furnace lining comprising a layer of backing brick of relatively low thermal conductivity arranged with openings through said layer, and a facing layer of non-spalling veneer brick of relatively high thermal conductivity having supporting extensions received in the openings in the layer of backing brick and extending to points adjacent the outside thereof and serving to support the veneer brick, the cross sectional area vof the supporting extensions being not over one-fifth of the area of the l lininO.

10. A composite furnace lining comprising a layer of octagonal backing brick contiguous to one another on four sides, and a layer of non-spalling veneer brick having integral supporting extensions extending through the openings in the layer of backing brick formed at the corners of the backing brick. i

1l. A composite furnace lining comprising alayer of backing brick having openings through said layer, and a facing` layer of non-spalling vencer brick havingv supporting extensions extending through said openings to points adjacent the outside of the layer of backing brick, the backing brick except at the edges of the lining being contiguous to other backing brick on four sides and contiguous to the supporting extensions of the veneer brick on four sides, the veneer brick on the furnace face of the 1ining except at the edges of the lining being contiguous on all sides to other veneer brick.

12.A furnace having a suspended arch roof comprising a layer of backing brick having openings through said layer, and a facing layer of veneer brick of a refractory material more resistant to spalling than that of the backing brick, the veneer bricks having supporting extensions received in said openings and extending to points adjacent the upper side of the backing brick layer and provided with means for supporting the veneer brick.

13. A furnace having a suspended arch roof comprising a layer of backing brick of relatively low thermal conductivity, and a facing layer of non-spalling` veneer brick o'f relatively high thermal conductivity, the veneer bricks having supporting extensions extending between the brick of the backing layer to points adjacent the upper side of the layer of backing brick, said extensions being provided with means for supporting the veneer brick.

14. A furnace having a suspended arch root comprising a layer of backing brick and a .facing layer of non-spalling silicon carbide veneer brick, the veneer bricks having supporting extensions extending between the backing bricks to points adjacent the upper side of the layer of backing brick and provided with means for su )porting the veneer brick, the backing brick being of a material of low thermal conductivity relative to silicon carbide.

415. A furnace having a suspended arch roof comprising a layer of backing brick having openings through said layer, and a facing layer of non-spalling` veneer brick having supporting extensions received in said openings and extending to points adjacent the upper side of the backing brick layer and provided with means for supporting the veneer brick, and hangers for supporting the backing brick.

16. A furnace having a suspended archroof comprising an upper layer of backing brick and a lower or facing layer of veneer brick of a refractory material more resistant to spelling than that of the backing brick, the veneer brick layer having supporting extensions extending through the layer of backing brick to points above the upper sido of such layer, and supporting means engaging the upper ends of said cxtensions whereby the veneer brick layer is supported from points at the upper side of the backing brick layer.

17. A furnace having a suspended arch roof comprising an upper layer of backing brick and a lower or facing layer of veneer.

brick of a refractory material more resistant to spalling than` that of the backing brick, the veneer brick layer having supporting extensions ,extending within the layer of backing` brick to points adjacent the upper ide of such layer, and supporting means ensaid extensions at points adjacent the upper side of the backing brick layer.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. v

ARTHUR J. JACKMAN. 

